Al-Rifa’i Mosque, located in Midan al-Qal‘a opposite the Mosque of Sultan Hassan, is a 19th-century mosque that blends Mamluk Revival architecture with Ottoman influences. Commissioned in 1869 by Khoshiar Hanim, mother of Khedive Ismail, it was completed in 1912. The mosque serves as a royal mausoleum housing the tombs of Egyptian royals and Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran.